Do-it-yourself septic tank made of three concrete rings. Septic tank made of concrete rings: design features, nuances of use and installation. The volume of the septic tank for the house

When building a water supply and sewerage system, it is important to pay attention not only to the materials for the pipeline, but also for the septic tank. There are many options for arranging septic tanks, and in this article we will focus on the types of septic tanks and the materials that were used to make them.

The use of septic tanks is relevant in the case when there is no access to a centralized sewerage system. It is designed to remove and clean contaminated liquids from the sewer. Septic tanks are different, but the principle of their work is similar.

There are septic tanks:

• By way of work.
• By material.
• in shape and position.
• The location of the cameras.

The classification of septic tanks according to the way they work is as follows:

Depending on the form, septic tanks are divided into:

• Horizontal.
• Vertical.

The septic tank according to the location of the chambers, in turn, is classified into:

1. Underground.
2. Surface.

A septic tank with a horizontal arrangement of chambers looks like a tank with several hatches. For such a septic tank, you will have to dig a deep pit, but its area will be much larger.

A septic tank with a vertical arrangement of chambers looks like a barrel, the hatch of which is located on top.

For the arrangement of a septic tank, bricks, concrete rings, plastic and any available materials can be used.

Advantages and disadvantages of a septic tank

Over time, all communications moved to the premises, and people became interested in the question of how to make a septic tank out of rings efficiently and economically. became safer with the advent of septic tanks. Against the backdrop of the shortcomings of cesspools, a septic tank is an alternative option.

Since a septic tank made of reinforced concrete rings and concrete is one of the best, we will talk about their advantages.

Advantages of a septic tank made of concrete rings:

• Excellent durability.
• Great depth.
• Chemical resistance.

But, despite such significant advantages, a concrete septic tank also has disadvantages. They appear as follows:

1. Heavy weight.
2. Tightness.
3. Cleaning work.

Installation of a septic tank will require the help of special equipment, since the rings for a septic tank made of concrete have a lot of weight and dimensions. And in the future, its maintenance will require funds to pay for the services of a sewage truck.

You can independently carry out the preparatory work for arranging a septic tank, but you will not be able to do it yourself. Therefore, you will need to use the services of a crane. You can find a crane that will not only deliver the rings to their destination, but also immediately install them in a prepared place, thanks to special equipment.

Scheme for a septic tank

In order to build a circuit from rings, you will definitely need it.

To perform installation work, a scheme of a septic tank of rings must be developed, where information on each section will be displayed. In each section, a certain process of contaminated liquids takes place.

The first section looks like a concrete well with a bottom. A sewer pipe is connected to this well, which leads wastewater outside the premises. It is very important that the slope of the sewer pipe is 2 cm per meter of length.

Here is the process of decomposition of household waste. In the process of decomposition, a thick sediment and a liquid mixture are formed, which moves through the sewer pipe to the second section.

The second reservoir appearance similar to the first. There may be a slight difference in size. For the second reservoir, slightly smaller rings can be used. This tank is responsible for filtering waste. In order for filtration to take place naturally, the reservoir must have the necessary materials for this. Typically, natural filtration materials are used: gravel, expanded clay or crushed stone.

After passing the filtration process, the wastewater moves to the last third tank.

In the third section, natural drainage of waste liquids takes place. In the absence of natural drainage, forced pumping out of waste liquids can be performed using a pump or a sewage machine.

If it is the forced pumping of sewage from the third section, then its location must be as close as possible to the road. This will facilitate the access of special equipment to the tank.

In general, the scheme of a septic tank from rings provides for the use of metal screeds for a septic tank made of concrete products, in order to avoid shifts.

Protection of the septic tank from soil exposure

If a concrete septic tank is being built in an area where the soil has a high degree of heaving, then it is imperative to create a soil belt. This belt will act as protection against heaving of the soil. It is allowed to make a pillow of expanded clay, but a pillow of sand is a prerequisite when performing strengthening work. Usually a sand cushion is made 30 cm thick.

Due to heaving of the soil or its shift, the septic tank rings may shift. In this case, the waterproofing of concrete rings for the septic tank must be performed without fail. At the same time, waterproofing joints with cement mortar is an insufficient measure of shear prevention. It is also necessary to make waterproofing of the seams using special waterproofing compounds. If such precautions are not taken, then the penetration of contaminated liquids into the soil will be inevitable.

In addition to waterproofing the seams of the septic tank, it is also necessary to waterproof the concrete itself from all sides. Due to household waste falling into, all kinds of reactions can form, as a result of which corrosion of concrete begins. This, of course, must be avoided, since in this case the operational life of the septic tank will be significantly reduced.

To waterproof the outer surface of concrete, you need to use roofing material or a special mastic. Waterproofing of the inner surface of concrete can also be performed using a special waterproofing mastic or using liquid glass.

All septic tanks must have a hatch that gives access to any tank.

Dimensions of rings for a septic tank

To date, manufacturers offer different sizes of concrete rings for a septic tank, but standard sizes vary from 70 cm to 2 m.

When buying concrete rings for a septic tank - dimensions and prices are the main matching elements. There are a lot of construction bases, supermarkets and markets now, and you need to ask a good price before buying. You can also study the offers of construction companies on their websites. To do this, it will be enough to register a query in the search engine: “rings for a septic tank - price sizes”, and the search engine will display the available information.

In each region of the country, prices for rings for a septic tank may differ. This is due to the delivery of materials and their quality. But, despite this, prices are affordable for the average population of the country. The price for standard ring sizes for a septic tank is on average 750-2000 rubles.

You can make a septic tank from rings with your own hands, which will be a little cheaper. But in such a case it is better not to strive for savings, because often this then turns into unpleasant consequences. It is better to pay 1 time for a quality septic tank than to repeatedly repair and replace it because of a cheap purchase.

Installation of a concrete septic tank

When all calculations have been made, a diagram has been drawn up and a place has been chosen for the construction of a septic tank, installation work can begin.

Some people think about which is better - a septic tank or rings, but there is no definite answer. You have to come up with your own thoughts on this. You can pre-examine the reviews about the septic tank from the rings, if the buyer has doubts.

Installation work of a septic tank from concrete products begins with digging a foundation pit for a septic tank. Definitely, the pit will be large, since it must contain 3 sections. This is a rather laborious work, so if possible it is better to use the services of special equipment. In order not to have to concrete the bottom of the pit, you can buy concrete products with a bottom.

If when digging a pit it is still possible to do without special equipment, then when installing concrete products this is unlikely to work.

First you need to calculate how many rings you need for a septic tank made of concrete products. If you plan to build a septic tank according to the standard scheme, then you will need 9 rings and 3 hatches. Each section has 3 rings.

In general, the installation work looks like this:

• 3 wells are dug in a row, the depth of which is 3 m, and the width is 2.8 m.
• Make a concrete pad. It should be at the bottom of 1 and 2 wells.
• With the help of special equipment, concrete products are lowered into prepared wells.
• Waterproofing of joints and the septic tank itself. As mentioned earlier, waterproofing can be done using cement mortar, a special waterproofing mastic or using liquid glass.
• The gaps between the concrete products are covered with soil.

After the installation of concrete products in the wells, you need to start leading sewer pipes to them. In order for the movement of contaminated liquids through sewer pipes to wells to be unhindered, the slope of the pipe must be observed.

Summing up sewer pipes to wells made of concrete products looks like this:

1. A pipeline is connected to the first tank at a slight slope.
2. The pipe that connects the first tank to the second is placed 20 cm below.
3. The pipe that connects the second tank to the third must be lowered another 20 cm.

Having performed these installation works correctly, the septic tank will serve for a long time and efficiently.

Septic tank for teapots

To some, at first glance, the arrangement of a septic tank may seem like a complicated process. However, when studying Ratnikov's lectures, all doubts go aside. Ratnikov is an environmental auditor and technical director of BioStroy LLC.

You can also set a search: “septic warriors”, and the reader will be presented with a lecture that will tell about the types of septic tanks, local systems, etc.

Septic tank

For the manufacture of a septic tank DKS polypropylene is used. Thanks to him, an easy system is obtained. The DKS system is easy in everything: in transportation and assembly.

The principle of operation of the septic tank DKS 15 m is very simple and looks like this:

• The main tank includes 2 settling tanks and 1 biofilter.
• Contaminated liquids move by gravity to 1 settling tank, where the first cleaning takes place.
• The second settling tank also performs wastewater treatment, namely, the separation of waste into light and heavy elements. Along with this process, contact with biologically active substances is also carried out.
• In the third compartment, waste liquids undergo biofiltration. From the biofilter, liquids move to the filtration field.

In general, reviews of the 15 m DKS septic tank are positive. The DKS 15 system is an economical option and easy to install.

Filtration field independently

Making a filtration field for a septic tank with your own hands is easy. It is necessary to prepare several trenches where the spray pipes will be placed. In advance, a gravel-sand layer, the thickness of which is 1 m, should be poured into the bottom of the dug trench.

Next, you need to pour a layer of rubble, in the thickness of which there is a pipeline with holes. The superimposed layer of crushed stone must be laid with geotextile material. It will protect the pipes from clogging. Then the trenches are covered with earth.

For laying pipelines in filtration fields, preference should be given to perforated or drainage pipes. Contaminated liquids move through the sand filter and are cleaned of the remaining impurities.

When equipping a filtration field for a septic tank with your own hands, you should adhere to the following conditions:

1. Arrangement of the filtration field should be as far away from the residential building and sources of drinking water as possible. The minimum spacing is 15 m.
2. The sand layer should be below the freezing level of the soil.
3. It is strictly forbidden to lay perforated pipes at a distance of less than 1 m to the groundwater level.
4. At the ends of the pipes, ventilation risers must be installed to remove fetid odors.

A comfortable existence is impossible without sewerage. In a private house or country house, this is usually a cesspool or septic tank. The second option is more environmentally friendly and safe - a septic tank. It decomposes waste into insoluble sediments, which fall to the bottom, forming silt, and fairly clean water, which is usually discharged into the ground for further purification. Probably the most popular version of this installation is a septic tank made of concrete rings. The technology of its construction is simple, you can build it yourself, the cost is relatively low. This explains its popularity.

Device and principle of operation

A septic tank made of concrete rings is best placed on well-draining soils that are not prone to frost heaving. The body of the septic tank consists of several rings placed on top of each other. Even if they have ledges for better fixation, even if they are stapled together, frost heaving will move them. The result is leakage and costly repairs. And not the fact that after the repair it will not move again. Therefore, it is recommended to make a septic tank from concrete rings on sandy or sandy loamy soils.

If the soils drain water well, the groundwater level is low, it makes sense to remove water from the septic tank to the drainage column. Such a device is the most optimal. With a high level of groundwater, treated effluents are diverted to draining fields. Their device requires large areas and no less solid volume of earthworks, but sometimes only such a system works.

The scheme of the septic tank is shown in the photo above. It consists of two working chambers interconnected by an overflow. This is where the cleaning process takes place. The third column is a drainage well (instead of it there may be a filtration field), through the holes in the lower part of which purified water enters the soil. This is briefly about the construction of a septic tank made of concrete rings. Now about the process itself.

Drains enter the first chamber. It is hermetic, with the most limited air flow. In conditions of lack of oxygen, the main process of decomposition takes place in it. Organic substances are processed by microorganisms and bacteria. Organics breaks down into more or less pure water and insoluble substances that precipitate and accumulate at the bottom of the chamber.

Through the overflow pipe, water with less pollution enters the second chamber. The cleaning process continues in it, but here it occurs with the obligatory participation of oxygen. Therefore, the second chamber is equipped with a ventilation pipe. Here, the remains of organic matter decompose and settle to the bottom. Practically pure water is discharged into the drainage column and goes into the ground, where their final post-treatment takes place.

Sizes of septic tanks and their number

In order for the drains to be effectively cleaned, they must be in the septic tank for at least 3 days. Based on this, the dimensions of the chambers are determined.

How to determine the volume of a septic tank

According to the standard, the minimum volume of a septic tank chamber is three times the daily water consumption. 200-250 liters are considered per person. In total, if you have 4 people in your family, the minimum volume is 3 cubes. This is how much the storage tanks, that is, the first two chambers, should contain. The third - the filter column - in no way belongs to the storage column, therefore it is not taken into account.

It was about the regulations that are in force in Russia. In Europe, the minimum volume of a septic tank is 6 cubic meters. And many believe that such sizes are more “correct”. Effluent in large volumes stays in storage tanks longer, which means they are cleaned better. When using the native standard, in the event of the arrival of guests, it is easy to “pour” the norm. As a result, untreated effluents will end up in the filtration column, which will pollute it and the entire surrounding area. Elimination of consequences is an expensive and complicated procedure.

Even if you decide to adhere to Russian standards, if you have a bathroom, a washing machine and a dishwasher, you need to increase the volume at least by the size of the salvo discharge of all these devices (bathroom - 300 liters, washing machine and dishwasher 50 and 20 liters, all together - we will consider 400 liters or 0.4 cubic meters).

In accordance with the calculated volume, the sizes of the rings and their number are selected. The diameter of a concrete ring can be from 80 to 200 cm, sometimes there are rings with a diameter of 250 cm. Height - from 50 cm to 1 m. The table below shows the dimensions of standard reinforced concrete rings, their marking, weight and volume. In the "dimensions" column, the outer diameter, inner diameter, height are indicated through a fraction. All measurements are in millimeters.

When calculating, keep in mind that the actual volume of the column must be higher than the calculated one - the drains never completely fill, but rise only to the level of the installed overflow pipes. It is up to the level of these pipes that the calculated amount of drains should be placed.

Number of columns

There can be three storage chambers in a septic tank (except for the filter column). Sometimes such a device is more practical - if it is required, for example, to install six or more rings in each of the columns. The depth of the pit in this situation is large. It is more convenient / more profitable to make three columns of four rings.

There may be a reverse option - a small volume of a septic tank is required. This happens at the dachas of periodic visits with a small number of summer residents serving it. In this case, the column can be assembled alone, dividing the rings inside with a sealed partition. and making an overflow hole at the required level.

How to do

The most common construction principle is linear. All columns line up on the same line. The accumulative ones can be located nearby, and the filtering one - at some distance from them and preferably away, so that the flowing waters do not saturate the soil and do not freeze, intensifying the phenomena of frost heaving.

General rules for storage columns

It is better to take rings for a septic tank with locks. They are easier to install, they are less likely to shift during frost heaving, and the degree of sealing is higher. Before installation, it is desirable to treat them with coating waterproofing. Good results are obtained with bituminous mastic and deep penetration impregnation based on cement (Penetron type). With this treatment, nothing will seep out of the septic tank, and groundwater will not get inside.

The remaining rules for constructing a septic tank from concrete rings are as follows:

• The optimal distance between the storage columns is 0.5 m. This gap, filled with soil, will act as a buffer during soil movements.
• A layer of crushed stone about 20 cm thick is poured and rammed at the bottom of the pit. It is rammed to a high density, better - using a powerful rammer. The surface of the bedding must be strictly horizontal and even, without drops. The plane is checked using a building level with a length of at least 1.5 meters (preferably 2 meters).
• On compacted rubble:
  
• All subsequent ones are installed on the first ring. The joint of each is carefully sealed. You can lay out a layer of the same Aquacement before installing the ring on the side. After installing all the rings, the joints are once again coated with a waterproofing solution from the inside and outside. It is impossible to use toxic compounds inside - the bacteria responsible for the decomposition of bio-inclusions will die and the septic tank will not work.

  

• For a stronger fixation of the rings, they are connected using metal brackets (installed outside. The “entrance” places of the brackets are concreted, coated with waterproofing.
• It is desirable to insulate the upper part of the septic tank (above the freezing depth). For this, a polystyrene "shell" is used or polystyrene foam cut into strips is glued. The drains, of course, are warm, but in severe frosts there is a risk of an ice crust forming, which reduces the purification efficiency. Therefore, insulation is desirable.

  

• For reasons of economy, necks are made in the upper part of the septic tank columns. Sewer pipes in the area are usually buried below the freezing depth of the soil. This is 1.5-1.7 meters in Central Russia. And they have to go with a bias. Let the slope be small, but since the length of the route is large (no closer than 8 meters from the house), quite a decent amount runs up. In total, it turns out that the sewer enters the septic tank at about 2 meters and the entire part of the column, which is above, is empty. So they reduce it with the help of a head, which can be done:
  
• The overflow pipe between the chambers of the septic tank is made with a diameter of 110-120 mm. It can be made of asbestos or plastic. Its entrance is carefully sealed.
• The inlet pipe that comes from the house and the overflow pipes between the chambers are equipped with tees. This directs the effluent downward, preventing crust erosion (it is needed for better effluent processing). Sometimes tees are equipped with pipes going down.

  

• The location of the overflow pipes is determined by the level of the inlet pipe (from the house). The overflow on the opposite wall should be 5 cm below this level. Between the second chamber of the sump and the filtration well, the overflow can be done at the same level, or lowered by the same 5 cm.

Features of the construction of a filtration well

When constructing a filtration column, a pit is dug to soils that drain water well. A layer of crushed stone 20-25 cm thick is poured at the bottom, a layer of sand 30-40 cm thick is placed on top of it. Rings without a bottom are installed on this bedding. In some cases, a perforated ring is placed - holes of at least 30-50 mm in diameter (there are, by the way, factory ones).

When installing a perforated ring, it is also desirable to replace the soil around with crushed stone. This is necessary for the water to drain better. Otherwise, the device of the filtration well made of concrete rings is the same.

How to bury rings for a septic tank

The most common way is to dig a common pit, install rings with a crane, lay overflow pipes, seal all joints / cracks, seal, insulate, then fill and compact the soil. Everything is not bad, except that the amount of excavated land is very large. To make everything quick, it is easier to use the services of an excavator. Manually, with your own hands, it takes a long time, and if you hire a brigade of "diggers", it will turn out to be both long and expensive. Typically, the cost of a team of diggers is comparable to the cost of calling special equipment. It's just that the equipment works for several hours, and the team - for several days. But this may not be the case in all regions.

There is a second way to bury a concrete ring - methodically remove the soil inside the ring and under the wall. Under its own weight, the ring falls down. But only rings without a bottom are buried in this way. The bottom will have to be poured later and it will be exclusively inside the ring, which greatly reduces the reliability of the septic tank. In addition, with this option, it is impossible to insulate the septic tank, except to dig it to the depth of freezing. You will also have to dig trenches for laying overflow pipes. A rather problematic method for septic tanks, but you can use it.

Economical septic tank made of concrete rings

The linear arrangement of the septic tank columns requires a solid area, you have to take it out a large number of earth. Also, each of the columns must be equipped with a neck, which further increases the cost of the structure. There is an interesting option with the installation of all columns in a triangle. there is already a saving of space and a reduction in the volume of land work.

The second point of savings is that the revision entrance can be made one for three rings. Only all overflows must be installed in the zone of its accessibility. There are no other features.

How is the simplest single-chamber septic tank arranged? How is wastewater treated? How to make a septic tank from concrete rings?

Where to place it on the site and what dimensions should be followed when designing? Let's figure it out.

Operating principle

The mechanism of operation of the simplest septic tank is based on the mechanical separation of domestic wastewater into water and solid waste. Water is recycled - absorbed into the ground. Since it makes up 98-99 percent of the volume of effluents, cleaning the sump where waste accumulates is required no more than once a year ().

Let's describe the effluent path inside the septic tank in more detail.

1. They fall into the sump tank and spend at least three days there.. During this time, in the absence of mixing, the effluents are divided into fractions: light impurities collect on the surface, heavy impurities settle to the bottom. Relatively clean water remains in the middle.
2. Through a special overflow shape, the settled water is taken below the surface level and enters the filter well - a container without a bottom, where it is absorbed by the soil.

Please note: several settling tanks can be connected in a serial chain. The more of them, the higher the quality of water purification and the slower the filter well will silt up.

A septic tank of any type, as a rule, is buried in the ground.

There are several reasons for this.

• Wastewater moves by gravity. Obviously, the final point of their route should be located lower than the sewer exit from the house.
• Recessed containers do not take up space on the site and do not spoil its appearance.
• Finally, the soil protects the drains from freezing in the winter cold. Below the freezing level, the soil temperature is stable at 8-10 degrees.

Location

Where is it better to place a homemade septic tank made of concrete rings? For a site with a slope, its location is obvious below the house along the slope - otherwise the container will have to be buried too deep. The remaining requirements for its placement are reduced to minimum distances to objects. different types ().

An object	Remoteness
House	At least 5 meters. Filtration of water into the soil can lead to its partial erosion under the foundation and to the subsidence of the structure.
Road	At least 5 meters. The reasons are the same.
Trees	From 2 to 4 meters depending on the height and, accordingly, the root system. Growing roots can damage grouting and overflow.
Open waters, streams	10 meters. Removal is necessary to prevent water contamination.
Sources of drinking water (wells, wells)	Instructions for planning the sanitary zone of water intakes are contained in SanPiN 2.1.4.027-95. The zone size is set at 30 meters for protected water intakes (wells to lower aquifers with wellbore cementing around the casing) and 50 meters for weakly protected ones (upper wells and wells).

Dimensions

sump

The minimum size of the sump is taken equal to the three-day volume of wastewater. Bigger is better: as the volume increases, the contents of the sump will be less intensively mixed with the incoming flow.

How to estimate the daily volume of wastewater?

• If there is a water meter - according to changes in its readings.
• In his absence, the consumption is usually taken equal to 200 liters per person per day.

Accordingly, for a family of 4 people, the minimum volume of the sump will be 200 x 4 x 3 = 2400 liters, or 2.4 m3. What follows is a simple calculation.

The volume of a cylinder is equal to the product of its height, pi, and the square of the radius.

When using concrete rings with a meter diameter 90 cm high for the construction of a septic tank, 2.4 / ((3.14 x 0.5 ^ 2) x 0.9) = 4 (rounded up to the nearest whole number) rings will be required.

An important point: the useful volume of the sump is limited by the height of the overflow, which is usually noticeably below the edge of the upper ring.

Filter well

First you need to assess the need for absorbent surface area. It, in turn, is tied to the absorbency of the soil, the values ​​\u200b\u200bof which for different soils are easy to find in reference books.

On soils with low absorbency, a different design is used instead of a well - a filtration field.

For the above case of a family of 4, provided that there is sandy loam soil at the construction site, the filtering well must have an absorbent surface of 2400/50 = 48 m2.

It would seem that it does not look very realistic: the bottom of the pit with an area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe size of a two-room apartment is an obvious search. However, there is a little trick here. The absorbing surface can be not only the bottom, but also the walls of the pit; in this case, we need a pit with a side (in the case of its ideal cubic shape) 3 meters 10 centimeters.

How to ensure contact of water with the walls over their entire area?

1. The first ring is installed on a draining bedding made of crushed stone, boulders or brickwork with a thickness of at least 30 cm.
2. The pit is filled with a similar drainage after all the rings and the cover are installed.

Construction

We have dealt with planning; you can move on to construction. So, how to make a septic tank from concrete rings?

sump

In an open pit, a carefully leveled bottom is covered with sand by 10-15 centimeters and watered with water for maximum shrinkage.

The bottom ring (KCD) is installed first. Its price is slightly higher than that of KS rings; but its use will save us from the need to concrete the bottom, and at the same time from leaks polluting groundwater.

The next ring is lowered onto a mortar laid out on the edge of the previous one from 1 part of cement, 3 parts of sifted sand and 0.1 part of liquid glass. The viability of the solution is no more than half an hour, so it is prepared in small portions.

A cover with a hatch is laid on a pillow of ordinary sand-cement mortar.

Filter well

It uses only KS rings. The permeability of the joints in this case does not matter, so you can use a regular solution without the addition of liquid glass for them. Sometimes, to improve water drainage, bricks are placed under them during installation; an alternative solution is a few additional holes made in the walls.

overflow

It is laid with a slope of 2 cm per linear meter. To take water in the sump, a sewer tee in a vertical position is used: the lower outlet takes water below the surface level, the upper one is used for cleaning.

After installing the overflow, the holes for it are sealed with cement mortar with the addition of liquid glass.

Useful: In order to make holes in the rings, a puncher is traditionally used. However, diamond drilling of holes in concrete is much more convenient because the edges remain perfectly smooth, without chipping. In addition, it, like cutting reinforced concrete with diamond wheels, allows you to pass reinforcement without changing tools.

Ventilation

It is practiced to install ventilation pipes both in the sump and in the filter well. However, it is much easier to remove the fan pipe from the top point of the in-house sewerage system: the draft created in it is quite enough for the absence of odors.

Conclusion

As always, you can find additional thematic materials in the attached video in this article. Good luck!

One of the most affordable options for arranging an autonomous sewer system of a private house is a septic tank made of concrete rings. It has a simple device and principle of operation, it is easy to calculate and build, and, if desired, it is easy to increase the standard performance.

First of all, it is worth noting that many people confuse a classic cesspool and a septic tank made of concrete rings. These are slightly different things, both in terms of the device and the principle of operation. The first option consists of a maximum of one well, and the effluents that enter the reservoir simply accumulate there and are not cleaned in any way. Accordingly, the pit requires constant pumping with the involvement of specialized equipment.

Scheme 1	Scheme 2	Scheme 3
total volume: 1.2 m³ 24,000 rubles.	total volume: 3 m³ 28,000 rubles.	total volume: 3.7 m³ 33,000 rubles.

Scheme 4	Scheme 5	Scheme 6
number of users: 1-2 pers. total volume: 2.2 m³ 22,000 rubles.	total volume: 4.5 m³ 36 000 rubles.	total volume: 6 m³ 48,000 rubles.

Scheme 7	Scheme 8	Scheme 9
number of users: 2-4 pers. total volume: 6.7 m³ 57,000 rubles.	number of users: 1 pers. total volume: 1.5 m³ 18,000 rubles.	number of users: 2-3 pers. total volume: 3.7 m³ 37,000 rubles.

Scheme 10	Scheme 11	Scheme 12
number of users: 4-6 pers. total volume: 5.2 m³ 44,000 rubles.	number of users: 2-3 pers. total volume: 4.5 m³ 45,000 rubles.	number of users: 1-2 pers. total volume: 3 m³ 28,000 rubles.

Scheme 13	Scheme 14	Scheme 15
number of users: 2-4 pers. total volume: 5.9 m³ 51,000 rubles.	total volume: 6 m³ 57,000 rubles.	number of users: 3-4 pers. total volume: 4.5 m³ 35,000 rubles.

Scheme 16	Scheme 17	Scheme 18
number of users: 4-5 pers. total volume: 8 m³ 73,000 rubles.	number of users: 1-2 pers. total volume: 4.5 m³ 41,000 rubles.	number of users: 1-3 pers. total volume: 3 m³ 37,000 rubles.

Scheme 19	Scheme 20
number of users: 3-5 pers. total volume: 4.5 m³ 37,000 rubles.	number of users: 3-5 pers. total volume: 5.2 m³ 43,000 rubles.

A septic tank made of reinforced concrete rings is equipped with at least two tanks. For better wastewater treatment, three rings are sometimes installed, each of which has its own device and functional purpose. The first two tanks are sealed. The third is equipped with a drainage bottom through which purified water can go into the ground. All wells of the septic tank from reinforced concrete rings are connected to each other in series by an overflow pipe.

The principle of operation of a septic tank made of concrete rings

The above construction works in a very simple and understandable principle. Wastewater flows through the sewer pipe from the house into the first well. In it, they settle, separating into liquid and solid particles that precipitate. They will need to be removed periodically, however, this procedure is required very infrequently if the septic tank from the rings is correctly calculated and built.

When the settled liquid in the first well reaches the level of the overflow pipe, then it gradually passes into the next tank. If there are three such containers in total, then the second in a row is made airtight, like the first.

The function of the second well is to create an environment most favorable for the rapid decomposition of substances. To do this, it is necessarily equipped with a ventilation duct for supplying oxygen and removing methane. As a result of this process, the effluents are cleaned, partly turning into a gaseous state and evaporating, and partly into a biologically inactive sludge that settles at the bottom.

In the third container, 70% purified water enters by analogy - through an overflow pipe. From this well, it can either be periodically pumped out or used for agricultural purposes as fertilizer. When arranging a drainage bottom in this tank from concrete rings, the water simply goes into the ground without harming the environment.

As a result, it turns out that the work of a septic tank from the rings is aimed not only at the accumulation of sewage (like a cesspool), but also at their partial cleaning and discharge into the ground. If the arrangement took into account all important nuances, then the septic tank will not require cleaning, pumping out, or any other maintenance for many years, due to which this option for organizing a sewer system for a private house is very popular.

Stages of arranging a septic tank from concrete rings

It is quite simple to build a classic and effective septic tank from concrete rings. All work on its arrangement can be conditionally divided into 5 stages:

1. Calculation of the volume of a septic tank.
2. Determination of the location of the septic tank.
3. Pit preparation.
4. Construction of wells.
5. Covering works and backfilling.

It is worth noting that this is the sequence of building the simplest septic tank, the design of which will not include a forced aerator (a device that saturates decaying sewage with oxygen). A few words will be said about this modernization after the description of the above actions.

Calculation of the volume of a septic tank from concrete rings: an algorithm and an example

This stage relates more to design than to construction, but in no case should it be neglected. If you make a septic tank of reinforced concrete rings too small, then it will not be able to cope with the processing of all the effluents that will be produced during the operation of the plumbing. If you do the opposite and build a wastewater treatment plant with an excessively large volume, then it will take a lot of time, money and space on the site, which in the aggregate is not advisable.

The algorithm for calculating a septic tank with the above configuration is based on the generally accepted rate of water consumption per person permanently residing in the house. This very norm is multiplied by the total number of people using sewerage, and then tripled. The latter must be taken into account because, according to the construction criteria, the septic tank must contain at one time all the effluents generated during the operation of the water supply and sewerage system in three days.

You can clearly understand the described algorithm using the following simple example. Let's say 4 family members constantly live and use communications in the house. According to the norm, one person spends on average about 200 liters of water per day, which corresponds to a volume of 0.2 m 3. Accordingly, four family members use 800 liters of water (or 0.8 m 3) during the same period. According to the described algorithm, this figure must be multiplied by 3 (the norm for three days). As a result, it turns out that the volume of a septic tank for a family of four should have a volume of at least 2.4 ×.

How many rings will be needed to provide such a calculated volume? You can count in two ways. Firstly, if the rings are standard, then their volume, as a rule, is approximately 0.6 m 3 each. That is, for four people (the norm is 2.4 m 3), a septic tank of four standard rings is needed. Secondly, you can count according to a simple formula from school geometry. If you measure the diameter of the ring and its height, then its volume will be:

V = π × r 2 × h

(n - 3.14, r - half the diameter of the ring, h - the height of the ring)

Having the volume of one purchased ring, by analogy with the example described above, their required number per family is calculated.

It should also be clarified that the figure obtained is not the volume of the entire septic tank assembly. Such a capacity is needed only to receive sewage, that is, in the example described above, the volume of the first well must be at least 2.4 m 3.

Determining the location of the septic tank: basic rules

The second, no less important stage, also related to design, and not to construction work, is determining the location of the sewer septic tank. In this matter, not everything is as simple as in the first, therefore it is better to trust professionals. However, this cannot be an obstacle in order to independently navigate the basic rules for choosing a location for a septic tank. These include the following points:

• Removal from home. Even if the sewer is completely sealed, it should still be located at a distance of at least 5 meters from the residential building.
• Removal from plumbing. It means a well or well. A distance of at least 50 meters must be maintained from them and the septic tank.
• Distance from water bodies. This issue takes into account several other nuances, but the figure ranges from 10 to 30 meters.
• Removal from fruit trees. If the septic tank is located in the garden or not far from it, then there should be a distance of at least 3 meters to the nearest fruit tree.
• Removal from the road. The septic tank must be at least 4 meters away from the public roadway.
• Landscape. If the site is relatively uneven, then the septic tank is designed where the ground level is the lowest (taking into account all the above criteria).
• Neighbours. It often happens that in a neighboring area the septic tank is located in close proximity (behind the fence) to the place where you plan to build it. As a result, such a neighborhood threatens to oversaturate the soil with treated wastewater and, as a rule, reduce the efficiency of one of the devices. Therefore, before building a septic tank, you must definitely ask if the neighbors have the same device too close.

There are other nuances that are taken into account by specialists when designing this engineering system. These include the location of water pipelines, the height of groundwater, other buildings (garages, outbuildings, gazebos), underground cellars, and so on.

Pit preparation

This stage is the most time-consuming, as it is associated with earthworks. As a rule, no matter how many wells a septic tank has, a common pit is dug under them. Its width is made such that after installing the rings, the seams between them can be treated with a cement-sand mortar.

As for the depth, in addition to the estimated height of all rings, the need for arranging a sand cushion is taken into account. In addition, if the lower rings are not airtight (without a monolithic bottom), then the height of the poured concrete base should also be added to the depth of the pit. The soil excavated during earthworks is not taken far away, as it will be needed to backfill the septic tank.

Arrangement of concrete rings

According to the design number of wells, rings are installed in a previously prepared pit. The distance between them must be at least one meter. Concrete products are stacked on top of each other on the mortar. The seams are coated on both sides. When making, additional processing of reinforced concrete with sealing compounds is performed.

At a certain height, the wells are connected by overflow pipes. It is recommended to use curved plastic pipes so that they work on the principle of a hydraulic seal (the overflow of treated wastewater into primary wells is prevented).

Covering works and backfilling

At the final stage, the installed wells are covered with special concrete covers with holes made for metal (plastic) hatches. In the first and second wells, ventilation from the same plastic sewer pipes must be arranged.

The space behind the wells is covered with previously excavated soil with methodical tamping. Later (in six months or a year), the soil poured around the septic tank will definitely shrink, so the backfill is repeated as needed.

Increasing the efficiency of a septic tank from concrete rings

To increase the efficiency of a classic septic tank, you can go two ways at once. The first, simpler one is the periodic addition of special dietary supplements to the second well. They will contribute to a more accelerated reproduction of bacteria, due to which the decomposition of wastewater into water and inactive solid sludge is carried out.

The second way is the arrangement of an aerator in the same second well. It consists of a positive displacement compressor and a conventional plastic pipe that plunges 2/3 of the depth of the lower ring. As a result of the operation of the aerator, the wastewater will be additionally saturated with oxygen contained in atmospheric air, which will help create a more favorable environment for the development of active bacteria. The result will be accelerated processing of wastewater and improved quality of treatment.

Septic tank made of concrete rings: advantages and disadvantages

The above-described sewage from the rings has only one significant drawback, which plays a role only if compared with a full-fledged biological treatment plant. It's about efficiency. If the station at the outlet provides 98% purified water, with which even a car can be washed, then an ordinary septic tank cleans the drains only by 70%.

The advantages of such a sewage system are much greater than the disadvantages:

• not expensive;
• does not require frequent cleaning and pumping;
• does not depend on electricity (without aerator);
• does not emit unpleasant odors;
• takes up little space;
• has a simple and understandable device;
• made from available materials.

If you are interested in a similar option for arranging an autonomous sewage system for a private house, call us or contact a consultant through the form feedback. Our specialists will provide you with more information on this type of septic tanks (made of concrete rings), as well as help you with its calculation and arrangement on the site.

When sewerage is performed in a private house, many questions may arise on the topic of how to make a septic tank from concrete rings on your own. In this article, you can find a detailed description of the device itself and the process of its manufacture.

Septic tanks: advantages and principle of operation

It is necessary to answer the question why the septic tank is considered the basis of the sewer system? There is such a device as a cesspool for sewage. But it has its main drawback. The hole must be constantly pumped out.

This means that the more often the sewer system is used, the more drains will fall into the pit. Accordingly, you will have to call the feces pumping machine more often.

Helpful information! A septic tank is a device that, having made it once, you can forget about what sewage is for a long time. If the septic tank is made according to the rules, and the quality of the drainage is excellent, then you can do without a pumping machine. Once in a long time, you only have to clean the bottom of the tank.

So, you need to figure out what is a do-it-yourself septic tank made of concrete rings? This is a whole structure, which consists of at least three compartments. Each of them is connected by pipes. Drains enter the septic tank through the first pipe from the room.

In the first chamber of the septic tank, water partially evaporates. It is cleaned of impurities and undergoes a process of biological decomposition. Anaerobic bacteria are involved in a complex process of breakdown into inorganic substances. Gases are also released.

Gases exit through a special pipe to the surface. Almost clean water passes into the second chamber of the septic tank. This is called a filtration well.

Important! In order to speed up the decay process in a septic tank, a certain amount of artificial bacteria can be added inside the tank. But it is worth noting that the already real bacteria that are already in the septic tank do their job well.

Currently, you can buy a septic tank already in finished form and only assemble it on the site. But such a purchase will be expensive. They even use worn-out car tires of large diameter to equip a septic tank. But in order not to go from one extreme to another, you can simply make a septic tank from concrete rings.

Septic tank made of concrete rings: general information

is a design that is reliable in operation and ensures the proper level of treatment of water effluents. Installation costs for such equipment are minimal.

Even if there are no certain skills, you can still do the installation work yourself. Although it is worth noting that in some works experience will be required, but more on that later.

The septic tank chamber is created by reinforced concrete rings, which are installed one on top of the other in the pit. The inside of the septic tank is sealed. This allows you to protect the environment and soil from unwanted pollution. A special compound is used that allows you to seal the joints in the rings of the septic tank.

A cast-iron manhole is placed on top of the septic tank. Through the hatch, you can carry out equipment diagnostics and pumping. Pebbles or coarse gravel are used as a filter in a septic tank. from concrete rings lies in the fact that its dimensions can be independently controlled and such a tank can be installed, which would be required for a particular house.

We calculate the volume of the septic tank

Before starting, it is necessary to carry out its calculations. If you need to determine the depth of the pit under the septic tank, then you need to take into account the approximate amount of effluent that will flow into the tank per day. Of course, a lot depends on the size of the rings.

• On average, one person consumes up to 200 liters of water per day. Therefore, a family of three members uses about 0.6 cubic meters of water per day. Experts note that it is best to use a measure of three-day water use. In this situation, this is 1.8 cubic meters. If a larger volume is chosen, then this will only increase the strength and durability of the entire structure.
• If you use standard rings 10-8 for a septic tank, then the volume of one ring is 0.63 square meters. If a single-chamber septic tank is designed, then at least three rings will be needed to ensure the stable operation of the device.
• Before creating the desired depth of lowering the rings into the ground, it is necessary to take into account the possibility of connecting sewer pipes to the device. The sewer pipe depends on the slope and distance of the septic tank from the house. For example, if the sewer pipe runs at a depth of 50 centimeters, then the height of the pit should be at least three meters.
• As for the second chamber of the septic tank, it must be said that its volume should be 16 times more than the daily water consumption of all family members. The well must be either very deep or wide.
• In extreme cases, the walls of the septic tank are made of brick. But in this case, it is necessary to perform additional sealing with bitumen over the entire surface.

When all verification work has been completed, you can begin to dig a pit for a septic tank. It is necessary to dig a hole, taking into account the fact that the rings of the septic tank and the filtration compartment should enter it.

It is best to dig a septic tank with an excavator. However, if there is no place where to drive it, for example, in a private house, then you will have to do the work manually - with shovels.

The bottom of the pit must be concreted. Concrete rings will be placed there. The concrete bottom allows you to protect the soil from the penetration of unfiltered waste. Where the filtration well will stand, the bottom is not concreted. It is covered with filtration material - pebbles or gravel - for better filtration.

The layer of filtration material should be within 50-100 centimeters. This must also be taken into account when digging a pit and arranging a septic tank as a whole.

Installation of rings

When the pit is ready, you can begin to install the septic tank rings - both the main tank and the filter compartment. Here you need to use the services of a crane. It is unlikely that anyone will be able to lift the concrete rings and lower them into the pit manually.

Attention! If there is no truck crane or there is no possibility of its access to the site, you can do otherwise. Rings standing on the ground are dug up until they begin to sink into the ground. This method of installation is rarely resorted to, so there is a lot of work to be done. It must also be remembered that the concreting of the rings is carried out only after all the rings are immersed in the ground.

Rings that are installed on top of each other are sealed. The joints are well smeared with cement mortar. Use resin to seal joints. With joints, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bconnection of the upper ring to the bottom of the base of the septic tank is also sealed.

The rings on the filtration well are also sealed at the seams. The lower ring is installed on the ground without sealing.

The next stage of work is the implementation of overflow pipes on the first compartment of the septic tank. It is best when the overflows are made in the form of curved pipes using the water seal method. Thus, air will not enter the pipes.

Excavated soil is filled between the walls and rings of the pit. If possible, some sand is added to the soil.

Overlapping a septic tank

The last stage that crowns everything is the implementation of the overlap.

Additionally, a ventilation duct is made in the ceiling. A pipe with a diameter of 100 millimeters is inserted. It should rise above the level of the septic tank to a height of one meter.

Use cast-iron hatches, you can buy a plastic hatch. The main thing is that its size fits this septic tank. If possible, the floor slab is covered with earth. Only hatches are left on the surface.

If you perform the arrangement of the septic tank yourself according to the above instructions, then the quality of work should be perfect, and the septic tank itself will last a long time.

Today, you can easily provide rental of any kind of tools and equipment for installation work. In this case, you can not do without the participation of professionals, such as an excavator. In construction hypermarkets, you can buy all the necessary materials for high-quality finishing of a septic tank.

Helpful information! If it is not possible to fit the working equipment to the place of work, then you need to seek help from at least friends who will help in digging a hole for the concrete rings of the septic tank. It will be difficult to dig a large pit for equipment on your own in the shortest possible time.

In the event that there is no certainty that all the work can be done with your own hands, then you need to seek help from specialists who will have all the necessary tools and will complete the work as soon as possible.

You should not save on the purchase of materials for arranging a septic tank. This equipment is not made for one year. Therefore, the quality of work must be as high as possible.

It is necessary to take seriously the arrangement of a septic tank near a private house. The condition of the soil and wastewater near the house depends on the operation of the sewer system, and the septic tank. If you neglect some points when performing installation work, you can harm not only your site, but also the environment.