What design to make for grapes. Do-it-yourself trellises for grapes (dimensions, drawings). Construction of a two-plane structure

It's no secret to anyone that good growth and fruiting, a grape plant needs full coverage of the entire leaf surface. Without direct sunlight, the growth of the vegetative mass in grapes is inhibited, the crop is poorly laid and ripens, and various fungal diseases actively manifest themselves.

Grape plant by its nature is a liana. Liana is one of the life forms of plants and in its natural habitat it perfectly solves the problem of shading by using the trunks and branches of other plants as a support for occupying the most illuminated upper tier of the leaf cover of the forest, where it successfully develops and bears fruit.

In the artificial environment of our garden plot, we ourselves must provide the grape plant with a support suitable for good illumination of growth and fruiting - a trellis for grapes.

Benefits of growing grapes on a trellis

• Supports help to correctly form the skeletal base of the bush from the first years of the plant's life and maintain a certain shape of the bush in the future.
• Grape shoots are located evenly in the plane of the trellis, do not obscure each other, so that the entire leaf surface of the plant receives the maximum possible amount of sunlight.
• The convenient design of the trellis greatly facilitates the grower caring for plants and harvesting.
• Due to good illumination, the removal of the leaf surface from the ground and good air circulation in the space of the trellis, the risk of fungal diseases is significantly reduced in plants.

The main types and purpose of grape trellises

One-plane trellis for grapes

This is the simplest and most common type of supports for grapes. This type of trellis does not require large financial costs for materials and installation work, it is easy to perform and within the power of any gardener.

From the name it is not difficult to guess that this type of trellis consists of one plane, on which the entire green mass of the bush is located.

As supports, metal pipes, wooden stakes made of hardwood (oak, ash ...) impregnated with antiseptics against decay, concrete poles, asbestos pipes, etc. are most often used.

Scheme of a single-plane trellis:
1-extreme support in a row.
2-emphasis (anchor). Tilt leg to prevent the support leg from falling over.
3-intermediate support in a row.
4-wire or cable.
5- fastening the wire on the support.

The height of the supports most often ranges from 170 to 220 cm. When choosing the height of the trellis, I recommend proceeding from the growth of the grower himself, and use the trellis to the top wire of which you can easily reach with your hand.

Intermediate supports in a row are located at a distance of 3-4 meters from each other. It is desirable to concrete all the supports in the ground, and the outer ones in the row are additionally strengthened with an inclined stand with inside row or anchor.

The first (lower) wire is attached at a distance of 50-100 cm from the ground, depending on the plant formation used in the vineyard. On the first wire, fruit links of grapes are most often located.

Various methods of strengthening the side supports:
a, b - stops
c - tilt in the opposite direction to the load
d, e, f - different types of anchors.

The second wire must be fixed at a distance of 25-30 cm from the first. The first garter of young and fragile grape shoots at the base takes place on it, which can break off under their own weight when they reach 30-40 cm.

The remaining wires are located at a distance of 40-50 cm from each other. The wire or cable used on the trellis should be less than 3-4 mm thick. To avoid corrosion, it is better to use galvanized wire or a cable in a PVC sheath.

It is also necessary to purchase or make the simplest tensioning mechanisms yourself to periodically remove slack from stretching the wire under the weight of the crop and green mass of plants.

The minimum distance between rows of single-plane trellises can be easily calculated by multiplying the height of the trellis by a factor of 1.5. For example, you are going to make tapestries 2 m high. Then we multiply and get 2 * 1.5 = 3 meters. Let me remind you that this is the MINIMUM distance at which the rows practically do not obscure each other, and if space allows, it is better to increase this distance by 0.5-1 m.

I also want to note that the best orientation of the vineyard rows in space is the North-South direction, it is with this orientation that both sides of the trellis plane will be fully and equally lit - half a day each side.

Advantages of a single-plane trellis:

• The simplicity of the device and the relative cheapness of materials.
• Provides good ventilation and illumination of the vineyard.
• The most convenient and affordable type of trellis for grape care.

Cons of a single-plane trellis:

• The complexity of the location on this type of trellis of vigorous grape varieties in the form of large formations with a large number of fruit vines.
• Less rational, in my opinion, is the use of the vineyard area in comparison with the two-plane.

Conclusion: without a doubt, a single-plane trellis is the simplest and most convenient type of support for a wine grower for a grape plant. If you have enough space to grow the planned number of bushes in the vineyard and the varietal characteristics of the grapes do not require very large formations, definitely choose this type of support.

Two-plane trellis for grapes

In fact, a two-plane trellis is two single-plane trellises combined at the base and parted at an angle to each other in the upper part.

All the distances between the wires and the height of the trellis are identical to the one-plane and are described above.

The distance between the planes in the upper part varies from 100 to 150 cm.

The coefficient for calculating the minimum distance between rows increases to 2. That is, with a trellis height of 2 m, the minimum row spacing is 2 * 2 = 4 meters, and preferably five.

Advantages of a two-plane trellis:

Cons of a two-plane trellis:

• Difficult access to care for the inside of the trellis.
• The design of the trellis is more expensive, more difficult to manufacture and install.

Conclusion: It has an advantage over a single plane only with a limited vineyard area or the need to maintain a vineyard in large formations of bushes.

Arch, gazebo, pergola

Arbor (arched, shelving, pergola ...) formation is one of the ways to maintain non-covering varieties of grape plants on high supports and other structures with horizontal, inclined or rounded vaults located at different heights from the ground.

Arched culture is one of the oldest forms of grape plant management and enjoys well-deserved popularity in many grape regions of the world.

Arbor formation is distinguished by a great variety of both supporting structural structures and ways of arranging vines in their space. Supports can be either single (gazebo), or connected in the form of complex galleries, tunnels, pergolas or arches.

Unlike in-line trellises, structures of this type do not have standard schemes and are individual for each vineyard.

The advantages of such wallpaper:

• Amazing yield.
• The best lighting among all types of trellis.
• The ability to grow simply huge grape formations.
• The most beautiful forms of grape management.

Minuses:

Conclusion: For northern viticulture, this type of trellis is more suitable for decorative design of recreation areas and interiors. personal plot than for a commercial vineyard. This is the most natural and suitable type of support for this plant, but not very convenient and quite costly for the grower himself.

In this article, my dear readers, we have considered only the main and most popular designs of vine supports, in fact there are many more of them. There are L-shaped and W-shaped trellises, as well as various combinations of these supporting structures, but these three types are basic.

I hope that in this article I have revealed the main points of the construction of supports for grapes, but if you have any additional questions, do not hesitate to ask them in the comments. Good luck and have a good harvest!

Sometimes, in order to increase productivity, the trellises are made high - about three meters. So they can withstand a large mass of shrubs, and they will also accumulate more nutrients over time, which will lead to increased yields. It is best to form bushes up to six sleeves, but this will depend directly on the distance between plants.

One-plane trellis for grapes

Tapestries are different, but the most simple option is a single-plane type, when the entire bush is placed in the same plane. The advantages of this type include:

• Ease of making trellises with your own hands;
• Comfortable care for shrubs;
• Uniform ripening of bunches of grapes;
• Use for planting other horticultural crops between rows.

Wooden posts, metal corners, as well as metal pipes can be used as supports. To ensure comfortable service, the height of the supports should be equal to the growth of the gardener. The columns are set at a distance of about three meters from each other. The lower part is concreted into the ground about 40 cm, while the diameter of the pegs should be a maximum of 4 inches.

So that when pulling the wire and under a sufficiently large mass of grapes, the pillars do not lose their “balance” and do not come down, it is necessary to stiffen the structure by connecting the upper ends of the pillars, thin pipes or reliable rails. It is best to take copper or aluminum wire, but it is undesirable to use metal materials, since they need to be changed often due to rust.

Sometimes, in order to increase productivity, the trellises are made high - about three meters. So they can withstand a large mass of shrubs, and they will also accumulate more nutrients over time, which will lead to increased yields. Best form bushes

Two-plane trellis for grapes: reliable support

A two-plane trellis for grapes, the dimensions of which depend on the area of ​​the vineyard, consists of several vertical supports per row of a bush. The entire ground part is evenly distributed on a row of plants. The main difference between this structure is that the leaves will receive solar “vitamins” to the maximum, normal ventilation is ensured, and thanks to the formation of vineyards for 4-15 sleeves, you will get an excellent harvest.

Naturally, they will also require a large area, and the distance between the rows must be increased to at least three meters. The main pluses include:

• Providing an opportunity to increase the number of vineyard bushes per unit area, while the strength of development and growth does not decrease, which will allow rational use of the free area of ​​the site.
• Two-plane tapestries improve the assimilation and conditions for the development of inflorescences in the "eyes", the nutrition of grape clusters improves by providing free access to air and light.
• Due to the tilted position, the trellises allow the bunches to fall freely, so that they will be more protected from burns from the sun and strong winds.
• Improving natural pollination and facilitating the technique of artificial pollination.
• Two-plane supports shade the surface of the earth better, which means that the protection of the soil from moisture loss due to excessive evaporation improves

Trellis processing: preparation and protection

Whatever types of grape trellis you choose, you should definitely think about how to make the device durable so that in the future you do not have to waste time and effort on reinstallation. To do this, first of all, choose a durable material. So, the best varieties trees include ash, oak, chestnut and mulberry. But birch, maple and poplar, as well as wet wood, should not be used for these works.

Almost all gardeners are experimenting with growing grapes, since this plant can grow and form a crop not only in the subtropics, but also in more northern regions. Of course, the vine will generously thank its owner only if suitable conditions are created for it, and a do-it-yourself trellis for grapes will help with this. How to do it, we will tell in detail in the article.

Traditional ways of growing grapes in different parts of the world

The southern regions - Central Asia and the Middle East - are ideal places for the cultivation of the solar vine. Here, grapes are grown not only on trellises, but also in growing, right on the ground. In European countries and the USA, you can most often find an unsupported stem culture. The inhabitants of the Caucasus do the easiest thing, they plant vines around a large tree, on which the lashes of the plant curl.

Every year new varieties of grapes appear and more advanced technologies for its cultivation are developed, thanks to which the zone of its cultivation covers more and more northern regions. Read also the article: → "". Well, a do-it-yourself trellis for grapes allows the liana to use all its strength to form a crop.

General principles for installing supports

The presence of a support on which the grapes will curl is an important condition for its growth.

For a newly planted plant, a trellis is not yet needed, but planting should be planned already taking into account the installation of structural supports. The choice of the type of supports depends on many reasons:

1. Landing plans.
2. Plant assortment.
3. Cutting technologies.
4. Aesthetic preferences of the owner of the vineyard.

In cases where the vine is planted on the selected site for the first time, and for some reason it is not possible to install powerful stationary supports, for the first time you can get by with a simple temporary structure. However, it is worth remembering that after three years the grapes will begin to bear fruit and its location on a newly installed support at this time can lead to negative consequences for a plant.

Selecting a vineyard site

Choosing a site for a future vineyard should be done responsibly, because this vine will grow there not for a year or two. Rows of culture should be oriented along the north-south axis, in an area well lit by the sun. Thanks to this arrangement, each bush will receive the same share of energy. If the gardener wants to use the area of ​​\u200b\u200bhis site more efficiently, then low-growing vegetable plants can be planted in the aisles of the vineyard.

There are three main structural solutions for mounting trellises for vineyards:

1. Decorative.
2. Biplanar.
3. Single plane.

Supports for the vine can be located in different ways.

The placement of plants can be carried out either each at its own individual support, or in rows with the orientation of the bushes on common supports. In addition to supporting the vine, trellises solve the problem of giving the site a more decorative, well-groomed look, creating an atmosphere of romance on it.

Tip #1 When creating a vineyard, with the placement of plants in several rows, vines of the same variety should be planted in one row. This is important for the convenience of caring for the bushes.

Single plane vertical placement

This design is the simplest of all and is available for manufacturing even to beginner growers who do not have special skills. Below is a table that will help you understand the positive and negative sides of this type of support.

Condition	Characteristic
Construction price	Low
For a young vineyard	Fits
For small varieties	Fits
For large varieties with a large number of shoots	Doesn't fit
Uniform ripening of the crop	Provides
Ease of plant care	Conveniently
	Available
Illumination of plants	Provides
conditions for pollination	Optimal
For beginner growers	Fits
Shelter for the winter	Available

Consumables needed to create a trellis for grapes:

1. Poles made of wood, steel or reinforced concrete, the optimal length of which is from 2,500 mm to 4,000 mm, taking into account that they are buried 500 mm into the ground.
2. Wire with a thickness of 2 to 3 mm, the best material for the manufacture of which is galvanized steel.

In fact, a do-it-yourself single-plane grape trellis is two or more pillars with several horizontal rows of wire stretched between them. If the vineyard is located near a residential building or in a protected area, then copper wire can be used, which will serve not only as a support for the vine, but also as a source of copper compounds that have a detrimental effect on pathogenic fungal microflora.

The vertical single plane support is the best choice for planting young vines, ornamental vines, and varieties that form small plants.

Work progress:

The single-plane support structure has a number of varieties:

1. With double wire tension. In this case, the plane of the vine on both sides is supported by wire.
2. Support with a peak. From the vertical trellis in its uppermost part, an “L” shaped cross-piece departs, on which several wires are also stretched. This option has a number of positive features:

• Increased usable area.
• Improvement in ventilation.
• An increase in the quality of illumination of the plant.

1. "T"-shaped support. The height of such a tapestry does not exceed one and a half meters. The wire is attached on both sides of the support both on its vertical part (the step between the rows is 250 mm) and on the horizontal (the step between the rows is 500 mm), thanks to which the vine does not need to be tied up, because, being between the rows of wire supports, it will cling to them.
2. Support with hanging young shoots (growth). The stem is fixed on supports, and the increment is located on several rows of wire stretched along the horizontal upper platform.

Tip #2 The use of a single-plane trellis is recommended mainly for those growers who prefer to plant small vines without chasing super bushes with record yields.

This method is more acceptable for experienced growers who plant vines in large areas. His positive and negative sides discussed in the table:

Condition	Characteristic
Construction price	high
For a young vineyard	Fits
For small varieties	Doesn't fit
For powerful varieties with a large number of shoots	Fits
Uniform plant development	Provides
Ease of plant care	Conveniently
Conditions for the development of fungal diseases	Unfavorable because it is well ventilated
Possibility of growing other crops between rows	Missing
Illumination of plants	Provides
conditions for pollination	Optimal
For experienced growers	Fits
Shelter for the winter	Missing
Difficulty of installation	high
Protecting bunches from direct sun rays	secured
Possibility of intensive cultivation with increased returns per unit area	Available

This method involves placing a pair of vertical single trellises on each row of vines. There are several options for its arrangement:

1. Straight, in the form of parallel planes.
2. V-shaped, where the planes of the supports are located at an angle relative to each other.
3. Y-shaped - the lower support is a single straight plane, which then diverges into two, at an angle relative to each other from 45 o to 60 o.
4. Y-shaped with a hanging increment, is a complicated version of a single-plane trellis with a hanging increment. The basis of the support is a Y-shaped pillar with visors on each of the upper planes, directed in different directions from the central pillar.

Since the structural elements of such a trellis carry a sufficiently large load, only high-quality material should be used for their manufacture:

1. Supports, both wooden (from hardwood - oak, ash, chestnut, treated with resin or diesel fuel in the part that will go deep into the ground), and metal, with a diameter of 30 to 60 mm.
2. The crossbars are most often a copper or galvanized steel wire stretched between the posts with a diameter of 2 to 4 mm, although they can be made of metal shaped pipes or corners.

An example of the progress of the installation of a V-shaped two-plane trellis

To complete this task, you will need the following tools and supplies:

1. Metal pipes 2500 mm long each.
2. Cement.
3. Rubble.
4. Steel galvanized wire.
5. Pegs for marking.
6. Piece of chalk.
7. Roulette.
8. Shovel.

An example of a V-shaped two-plane trellis

First, a site for construction is marked out, pegs are driven in at the site of future supports. The scheme is as follows - along the length between the pillars, the distance is 3,000 mm, along the width, -800 mm. Further, in places marked with pegs, holes are dug 500 mm deep and 300 mm in diameter. The lower parts of the pipes should be coated with bitumen and inserted into the pits. Their upper ends are separated by 1,200 mm, after which the bases are cemented. After the cement has hardened, begin to tension the wire. Its lower level is located 500 mm from the ground, the subsequent ones - every 400 mm.

Decorative trellises for the beauty of the site

This variety is suitable for varieties of vines that do not need shelter. Decorative supports have many different forms:

1. Arbors.
2. Arches.
3. bowls and so on.

They can also be made from metal, however, the easiest way is from wood, treated in the lower parts with substances that protect the material from decay. Decorative trellises are needed to give the site a more decorative look, as well as to create shade in those places where it is needed.

Answers to current questions about trellises for grapes

Question number 1. Will there be a positive effect from applying under grapes nitrogen fertilizers?

Fertilization should not exceed the norms specified for a particular variety. If an overdose of nitrogen fertilizers is allowed, the bush will grow strongly, but will lose most of the stalks and may die in winter even from slight frosts.

Question number 2. Why do grapes "cry"?

This is due to incorrect and untimely pruning of the vine. Read also the article: → "". If it is necessary to cut the vine in the spring, the cut points must be treated with a mixture of chalk, boric acid and minium paint, made on the basis of natural drying oil.

Question number 3. How to deal with oidium without pesticides?

Sometimes spraying the bushes with a 10% whey solution every week helps.

Question number 4. Should I reduce the number of ovaries on the bush?

Of course, since an overloaded bush winters worse and gives brushes of less mass. It is better to underload the vine than to overload it.

Question number 5. Why sometimes a well-developed bush refuses to bear fruit?

Most likely this is a bush with a female type of flowering. In order not to have to pollinate it manually every year, a bisexual vine should be planted nearby.

Serious mistakes gardeners make when growing grapes

Mistake #1. Buying planting material on the market from random traders, in the hope of their honesty.

As a rule, hope is not justified, and after several years of waiting, it becomes clear from the fruits that they have acquired a little something wrong.

Mistake #2. Planting grapes north of buildings or between trees.

The vine growing in such conditions will be elongated and weakened, and the yield is much lower than that of bushes growing in more favorable places.

Mistake #3. Planting bushes at shallow depths.

This causes roots that are too close to the soil surface to freeze in cold winters and dry out in hot summers.

Mistake #4. Allowing the development of dew roots growing faster than the main ones.

Such roots take on the main work of supplying the vine with water and nutrients, and then, due to their proximity to the surface of the soil, they freeze or dry out, putting the bush in a critical position.

In order for bushes to constantly increase their yield with age, they need to accumulate perennial wood, but it must be located somewhere. The way out is very simple - the trellis should be increased in height. The maximum value of this indicator for developed bushes ranges from 3,000 mm to 3,500 mm.

Grapes are a plant that does not have a specific shape and requires artificial support. At the same time, perennial shoots and branches should take a position in which they will receive the maximum amount of sunlight and heat, which will significantly increase productivity. To create favorable conditions for the growth of the vine and the ripening of berries, one-plane or two-plane trellises are used, on which the shoots of the plant are placed.

A two-plane trellis is the best option for growing grapes in a limited area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe area.

Usually, in the first two years of life after planting, each grape bush is supported by special stakes, a permanent support is built already in the third year.

The design of the supports depends on the area on which the bushes are located, on the methods of their formation and trimming.

Vineyards planted along paths and walls are grown on a single-plane vertical trellis, where the wire is fixed in several rows. When it comes to large-scale planting of grape bushes on fertile soils, a two-plane trellis should be used.

Advantages inherent in two-plane trellis

1. Supports of this type make it possible to increase the number of plants in a certain area without compromising their growth, which, accordingly, indicates a more rational use of a small garden area.
2. On two-plane trellises, a high level of assimilation is ensured, which contributes to a higher level of inflorescence formation in buds and nutrition of ripening clusters.
3. Conditions for pollination of inflorescences are significantly improved.
4. Due to the position of the planes, the two-plane support well protects the soil from excessive evaporation of moisture during the dry season.

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Construction of a two-plane support

The construction of this type of supports is advisable when the distance between the rows of bushes in the vineyard is about 2.5-3 m. The distance between plants in the rows depends on the grape variety - slow-growing varieties are located 1-1.25 m apart, for fast-growing distance must be increased to 1.5-1.75 m.

To install one two-plane trellis, you will need the following tools and materials:

• 4 wooden poles with a thickness of at least 15 cm and a height of 2.5 m (or 4 metal pipes with a height of 2.5 m);
• iron staples;
• galvanized wire;
• shovel;
• nails or screws;
• hammer.

Growing grape seedlings from shortened cuttings.

It should be said that a two-plane structure for supporting branches of grapes will be much stronger and last longer if it is made of metal pipes or pillars of the following types of wood - chestnut, acacia, oak, mulberry or ash. Before installation in the pits, the lower part of the pillars should be well tarred or kept in a solution of copper sulphate for a week.

A two-plane trellis consists of two single-plane supports installed opposite each other.

First of all, it is necessary to install the first support, opposite which another one will be erected in the future. To do this, along a row of grape bushes, it is necessary to dig 2 holes with a depth of at least 50 cm.

The distance between the pits should be from 6 to 8 m. Prepared poles or pipes are installed in the pit. If the trellis will also carry a decorative function, then the pillars can be pre-cleaned of bark, tarred or painted.

Then, iron staples are attached to the pillars using self-tapping screws or nails, on which the wire will be screwed: 2 staples parallel to each other at a height of 40 cm from ground level, 2 staples at a height of 80 cm and 2 staples at a height of 120 cm. For grapes three tiers are enough for medium height. Then galvanized wire is attached to the brackets. If metal pipes are used as supports, it will be necessary to drill holes for the wire in them.

When the first support is ready, a second one is made similarly to it, which should be placed parallel to the first along the next row of vines.

One of the most time-consuming and costly steps in arranging a vineyard is the process of selecting and installing supports for the vine. This article is devoted to the issue of arranging a vineyard with the “correct” design of such a support. Here you will find the most complete description of the various types of do-it-yourself grape trellises and their drawings.

Choosing a place for a trellis

The first thing to do is to choose a place for the trellis. Since grapes are a very light-loving plant, they should be planted in well-lit areas. If the vine bushes have not yet been planted, then the structure must be installed in accordance with the rules: from north to south. Also, when arranging a do-it-yourself trellis for grapes in the country, it is taken into account that the plants should be evenly lit throughout the day. Therefore, when deciding to plant bushes along the walls of the house, remember that planting on the south side, at a distance of 1.5 meters from the wall, will be the most favorable. So the wall of the house will protect the plants from the cold northern winds, and the grapes will shade the southern part of the house and protect it from overheating on hot sunny days.

In open areas, grapes are usually planted in rows, which makes it easier to care for the bushes and their processing. With this type of planting, both single-plane and two-plane trellis structures are used as a support for bushes. Regardless of the type of structures, the distance between the rows of plants is important, it must be at least 2.0 meters.

How to make trellis for grapes

How to make a trellis for grapes with your own hands? There is no single answer to this question, because there are a lot of modifications of supports. It all depends on your imagination and the materials you want to use, as well as the finances that you are willing to invest in this design.

Most often, the supports are made of concrete, metal or wooden poles dug into the ground near the grape bush.

Support structures located in the same plane

Support structures located in one plane are called single-plane. To build a single-plane trellis, you do not need to buy a lot of materials. Just a few poles and wire will create a reliable support.

List of required materials and tools

To build a trellis for grapes with your own hands, you will need the following materials:

• columns;
• steel wire;
• corner;
• screws.

Columns can be steel, reinforced concrete, wooden. It is important that they are reliable, because the structure will be in operation for a long time. Depending on the material chosen, tools will also be needed: a welding machine, electrodes, a grinder or a saw, an electric jigsaw, a screwdriver. The height of the structure depends on the length of the columns. For a summer cottage, the height above the soil is 1.8-2.0 meters, but in practice there are tapestries and higher. Wire is best used from galvanized steel or plastic. The optimum wire thickness is 3.0 mm.

Do-it-yourself single-plane trellis

A single-plane trellis should be lined up with an interval of 3.0 meters.

The greatest load falls on the fasteners at the ends of the rows, therefore, more powerful posts are used for these supports. They should be dug into the ground no less than 0.5 m. If a tree is taken as the material for the pillars, then such a column is treated with a special anti-rotting solution to the level of digging it into the ground. Take a 5% solution of copper sulphate, in which the pillars are kept for one week.

The structure is supported by “anchors” made of thick wire, which is pulled from the pole and hammered into the ground or reinforced with a second pole in the form of a triangle, allowing the load to be redistributed.

If the poles are metal, their lower part should be covered with bitumen, which protects the metal from corrosion. When we choose the height of the structure, it must be taken into account that the pillars will be deepened into the ground by 0.5-1.0 m, so their length should be 2.5-3 m.

Next, you just need to pull the wire on the trellis. The bottom row of wire should be about 40-60cm from the ground. The recommended distance should not be ignored, as grapes, especially on a young plant, can touch the ground and get dirty. The next row can be stretched at a distance of 25-30 cm from the previous one, and the third - 40-45 cm, further rows of wire are stretched at a greater distance, depending on the length of the trellis. A trellis with four or five rows is considered the most optimal.

The wire must be fixed as securely as possible. This can be done with rings, hooks or staples made of metal or thick wire, nails welded to the posts.

What are single-plane trellises

I propose to consider several types of trellises in order to choose the one that is best suited for your farm. The choice of support model always depends on its functional load and subsequent operation.

1. Double wire trellis: Distinctive features of this design is the method of fastening the wire. On the main posts, transverse strips of metal are fixed, between which the wire is pulled. For safety reasons, when working in such a vineyard, pieces of plastic pipe are put on the ends of these transverse plates. Thus, a corridor is created along one plane, the wire in which is stretched both on the right and on the left, while the sleeves of the plants are located inside.
2. T-shaped support structure: The height of the supports for this model should not exceed one and a half meters. The wire is stretched on them from both sides. Two rows are mounted on the upper ledges of the trellis on the right and left at a distance of 0.5 meters and two rows on the lower, on the sides - 25 cm gap. The advantages of the model are that the young growth does not need to be tied up, the shoots themselves cling to the supports.
3. Tapestry with hanging growth: With this design, plant boles are tied to racks. Vines of grapes hang freely down. The growth is on a flat horizontal area at the top of the post. Several rows of wire are stretched on this site. This model provides protection for bunches of sunburn. The yield on such a trellis is higher.

Two-plane grape trellis

In two planes, the support for the vine can also be installed in various ways. To make a suitable support for country grapes with your own hands, you need to have an idea about all the possible options, so that later you can choose the best one. This is a two-plane trellis, which is designed for grape varieties that do not need to be covered for the winter. It allows you to grow quite powerful abundantly fruiting plants.

Varieties of two-plane tapestries

Supports in two planes are:

1. U-shaped. This design consists of two parallel planes. They are interconnected by stiffeners.
2. V-shaped. The same two planes are placed at an angle to each other.
3. Y-shaped. The surface part of the structure is one plane, and then the planes diverge at an angle of 45-60 degrees to each other.
4. Y-shaped with hanging growth. The design is similar to a single-plane model with a pergola, only there are canopies for each of the planes and they are directed away from the central axis. The basis of the structure is Y-shaped. Thanks to a more powerful design on these supports, it is possible to grow grapes with hanging growth. The design allows the clusters to be in cover and not suffer from direct sunlight or drafts.
5. Do-it-yourself V-shaped two-plane design

Material consumption is based on one row of trellis 3.0 meters. If desired, you can make several rows, respectively, increasing the amount of material spent. So we need:

• 4 metal pipes of 3.0 meters each for racks;
• 2 pipes of 3.0 meters to strengthen the upper part of the structure;
• 2 pipe sections of 160 cm each to strengthen the upper side parts of the structure;
• crushed stone or broken brick;
• 30 meters of wire (can be replaced with a smaller diameter pipe, fittings);
• wooden pegs for marking;
• welding machine, grinder, screwdriver;
• electrodes
• chalk and tape measure.

The structure will be 3.0 meters long and 160 cm wide at the top. First, mark the rectangle in the place chosen for the vineyard. We drive pegs into its corners. In the place where we have pegs, we need to dig holes. Each hole is 80cm wide and 100cm deep. We insert pipes into the resulting pits, the lower part of which is treated with bitumen. As a result of our work, we should get such a V-shaped structure.

Its construction took more than twice as much materials as for a single-plane trellis. The lowest string of wire or reinforcement should be at a distance of 50-60 cm from the ground. If the grapes are expected to be very large, the distance from the soil can be further increased. The remaining rows should be spaced 40cm apart. You can fasten the wire using special hooks, rings, or make other fasteners. It's aesthetically pleasing.

Installing a trellis for grapes in the form of an arbor

If we talk about gazebo-type supports, then they all contain two planes: vertical and horizontal, as shown in the figure.

The horizontal plane of the gazebo is always with shoots, on the vertical plane the shoots are located only in those places where this plane is well lit by the sun.
It is better to make the height of the gazebo not too big. The best option is when the gazebo is 2.0-2.5 meters. This height facilitates the care and processing of vines on this gazebo structure.

The horizontal plane must be made of strong material. This is necessary, since the visor loaded with crops experiences large overloads.

The steel pipes of the columns are buried in the ground to a depth of at least half a meter. This depth will be enough, since there are no large lateral loads on the vertical posts, the design of the gazebo is fixed in several places and it turns out to be quite rigid. To prevent the structure from being pressed into the soil at the level of the soil surface, additional platforms from pieces of any strong metal and a corner can be welded horizontally to the racks. Such strips increase the area of ​​\u200b\u200bsupport on the soil and it will not sag. You can also concrete the racks.

Support of the horizontal plane of the gazebo on the roof:

1. You can install a metal corner or profile along the slate wave, and attach racks to it to support the structure. Weld the structure of the horizontal plane to the posts - Fig. 58. The posts are V-shaped, they must be installed on the roof at an equal distance. With this design, the roof covering will not break. The advantages are that such racks do not interfere with the flow of rain from the roof, and there is also a large gap between the coating and the branches of the grapes, which improves the ventilation of the leaves.
2. A metal corner of great length is laid on the slate across the wave, and we attach to it by welding the construction of a horizontal plane. Its weight is evenly distributed along the entire length of the corner, cracking of the roof material does not occur. With this fastening, the ends of the shoots are located directly on the roof. Ventilation of the vine is worse.